Bowel leakage, also known as fecal incontinence, is an issue that can be distressing and disruptive. It happens when a person is unable to regulate their bowel movements, resulting in unintended leaks. While many causes of bowel leakage are not life-threatening, some people worry that it could be a sign of something more serious, like cancer.
Research published in the journal Gastroenterology also suggests that around 10-15% of individuals with colorectal cancer report experiencing fecal incontinence as a symptom. Most of the time, bowel leakage is caused by diseases that aren’t cancer, like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or nerve damage.
Can Cancer Cause Bowel Leakage?
Cancer itself does not always cause bowel leakage, but in some cases, it can be a symptom. The connection between bowel incontinence and cancer usually depends on the type, location, and progression of the disease. Some cancers can directly affect bowel control, leading to fecal incontinence.
What Cancers Cause Bowel Incontinence?
Several types of cancer may impact the digestive system and nerves controlling bowel function, potentially leading to incontinence. These include:
- Colon Cancer – One of the most common cancers associated with bowel issues, including changes in stool consistency, urgency, and leakage.
- Rectal Cancer – Since the rectum plays a crucial role in controlling bowel movements, cancer in this area can weaken the muscles and lead to incontinence.
- Anal Cancer – This type of cancer affects the anal canal and may interfere with sphincter function, leading to poor bowel control.
- Spinal Cord Tumors – A tumor pressing on the spinal cord can disrupt nerve signals responsible for bowel function, leading to incontinence.
- Pelvic Cancers (Prostate, Cervical, or Ovarian Cancer) – Tumors in the pelvic area can place pressure on the rectum, weakening bowel control.
Is Bowel Incontinence a Sign of Cancer?
Though bowel leakage is sometimes linked to cancer, it is generally caused by less serious problems. It’s important to consider it along with other symptoms and risk factors.
Cancer may lead to bowel leakage in different ways:
- A tumor in the colon or rectum can block stool movement, causing changes in bowel habits and possible leakage.
- Cancer can affect the nerves that control bowel function, leading to incontinence.
- Radiation therapy and chemotherapy can harm the bowels, increasing the risk of leakage.
Other Symptoms to Watch For
If you have fecal incontinence, be mindful of other symptoms that could be a sign of colon cancer:
- Persistent diarrhea, constipation, or changes in stool consistency and frequency may indicate a change in bowel habits.
- Blood in the stool if the stools are bright red or dark and sticky.
- Ongoing or severe stomach pain and cramping may suggest abdominal pain.
- Losing weight without trying could be a sign of unexplained weight loss.
- If you feel weak or tired more than normal, it could mean you are tired.
If these signs don’t go away, you should see a doctor to get more information.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience persistent or worsening bowel leakage, it’s important to seek medical advice. A doctor can help figure out what’s wrong and suggest the best way to treat it. You need to see a doctor right away if you notice:
- Blood in your stool
- Sudden, unexplained weight loss
- Persistent diarrhea or constipation
- Losing control of your bowels
- A history of colon cancer in the family
- Diagnosis and Treatment
How Is Bowel Incontinence Diagnosed?
A doctor may perform tests to identify the cause of bowel leakage, including:
- Physical exam – Checking for muscle weakness or nerve damage.
- Colonoscopy – A procedure to examine the colon for abnormalities, including cancer.
- Stool tests – To check for infections or blood in the stool.
- MRI or CT scans – Imaging tests to identify tumors or nerve issues.
Treatment Options
The treatment for bowel incontinence depends on the underlying cause. Some common approaches include:
- Changes to Your Diet – Eating more fiber can help keep your bowel movements regular.
- Pelvic floor exercises – Building up the muscles in your lower back and pelvis can help you gain more control.
- Medications – Anti-diarrheal drugs or stool softeners can help manage symptoms.
- Surgery—If you have serious muscle damage or a growth, you may need surgery.
- Biofeedback Therapy – A technique to train muscles and nerves to improve bowel control.
Don’t Ignore Bowel Leakage—Seek Help Early
Bowel leakage is usually caused by non-cancerous conditions, but it’s important to pay attention to other symptoms. Many people avoid talking about it, but getting medical help early can lead to better treatment and health outcomes. Whether it’s cancer or something else, listening to your body and seeking care when needed can make a big difference.