A concussion is a type of brain injury that happens when a sudden impact or jolt causes the brain to move inside the skull. It can affect memory, balance, vision, and even emotions. While some recover quickly, others experience lingering symptoms that need proper care. There are different types of concussions, each affecting people in unique ways. Understanding how they vary can help with proper diagnosis, treatment, and recovery, reducing the risk of long-term issues.
The Different Grades of Concussion
Concussions are not all the same. Some cause mild symptoms that go away quickly, while others take longer to heal and may lead to serious complications. Understanding how they are classified can help in recognizing the severity and getting the right treatment.
Grade 1 (Mild)
This type of concussion causes short-term symptoms like dizziness, headaches, and difficulty focusing. There is no loss of consciousness, and most people recover within a few days. While the effects may seem minor, it’s important to rest and avoid activities that could lead to another head injury.
Grade 2 (Moderate)
Symptoms last longer and may include confusion, memory problems, and sensitivity to light or noise. There is still no loss of consciousness, but recovery can take a few weeks. Medical supervision is recommended to track symptoms and ensure proper healing.
Grade 3 (Severe)
This is the most serious form, involving loss of consciousness for a few seconds or longer. Symptoms can include prolonged confusion, nausea, slurred speech, and coordination issues. Recovery takes longer, and medical evaluation is necessary to check for complications like brain swelling or bleeding.
Five Concussion Subtypes
Not all concussions affect people in the same way. Some impact memory and thinking, while others cause vision problems, dizziness, or emotional changes. Understanding these concussion subtypes helps doctors create treatment plans that focus on specific symptoms.
Cognitive
This type affects thinking and memory. It can make it hard to focus, process information, or remember recent events. Simple tasks may feel overwhelming, and reaction times can slow down. Rest and gradual brain activity can help with recovery.
Ocular-Motor
Vision problems are common with this subtype. People may struggle with eye movement, focusing, or reading. Symptoms include blurred vision, double vision, and eye strain. Screen time and bright lights often make it worse, so limiting exposure can help.
Headache/Migraine
Severe headaches or migraines can follow a concussion, sometimes lasting for days or weeks. Sensitivity to light and noise is common, and pain can be intense. Staying hydrated, getting enough rest, and managing stress can ease symptoms.
Vestibular
Balance and coordination problems happen with this subtype. People may feel dizzy, unsteady, or have trouble walking. Quick head movements or sudden changes in position can make symptoms worse. Physical therapy and specific exercises can improve balance over time.
Anxiety/Mood
Emotional changes are common after a concussion. Some experience anxiety, depression, or mood swings. Small frustrations may feel overwhelming, and stress levels can increase. Support from family, friends, and mental health professionals can help with emotional recovery.
Symptoms of a Concussion
A concussion can cause a wide range of symptoms that affect different parts of the body and mind. Some appear right away, while others develop over time. Recognizing these symptoms is important for proper care and recovery.
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Blurry vision
- Sensitivity to light or noise
- Confusion or memory problems
- Difficulty concentrating
- Fatigue or drowsiness
- Balance issues
- Mood changes (irritability, anxiety, depression)
- Insomnia or sleep disturbances
The More Concussions, the Higher the Risk
You can get multiple concussions at once, especially in rough situations like car crashes or hard hits in sports. This happens when your brain gets jolted from different angles, causing separate injuries. Plus, if you’ve had a concussion before, it takes even less force to get another one within a year, and recovery can take longer. Even repeated small hits to the head can add up over time. Athletes, in particular, tend to have more than one concussion, and the more you get, the higher your risk of dealing with long-term issues like post-concussion syndrome.
If you suspect multiple concussions, seek medical attention immediately, as recovery may take longer and require careful management.