When dealing with rectal health issues, people often confuse hemorrhoids with polyps. While both conditions affect the rectal and anal areas, they are fundamentally different in cause, symptoms, and treatment.
According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, hemorrhoids affect nearly 50% of adults over the age of 50, making them one of the most common anorectal conditions. In contrast, colorectal polyps are found in about 20–30% of adults undergoing routine colonoscopies, with some of them posing a risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Hemorrhoids vs. Polyps: Getting to Know the Types
Hemorrhoids, often known as piles, are bulging veins in the rectum or surrounding the anus. They happen when too much pressure builds up in the area, causing the veins to stretch and swell.
There are two main types:
- Internal Hemorrhoids – Found inside the rectum. They usually don’t hurt but can cause bleeding.
- External Hemorrhoids – Develop behind the skin surrounding the anus. They can be uncomfortable and cause lumps.
On the other hand, polyps are small tissue growths that develop on the lining of organs like the colon or rectum. Unlike hemorrhoids, abnormal cell growth, not swollen veins, causes polyps, which do not grow outside the anus. Most polyps are harmless, but some can turn into cancer over time.
Polyps come in different shapes and sizes:
- Sessile Polyps – Flat growths that attach directly to the colon lining.
- Pedunculated Polyps – Look like mushrooms with a stalk connecting them to the colon wall.
Take note that both hemorrhoids and polyps can cause rectal bleeding but are not the same thing. However, they are different conditions. The most significant difference is the risk—polyps can become cancerous over time, while hemorrhoids do not.
Hemorrhoid Symptoms and Causes Explained
Recognizing the symptoms of hemorrhoids is important for proper management and treatment. Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition.
- Itching or irritation near the anus.
- Pain or discomfort, particularly while sitting or during bowel motions.
- Swelling near the anus
- Bleeding, generally bright red blood found on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl.
Here are several factors that can contribute to the development of hemorrhoids.
- Chronic constipation or diarrhea
- Straining during bowel movements
- Sitting for long periods
- Pregnancy
- Aging
- Low-fiber diet
Recognizing the Signs and Causes of Polyps
Many rectal polyps do not cause symptoms, but when they do, signs may include:
- Rectal bleeding
- Changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea)
- Abdominal pain (in rare cases)
- Mucus in stool
Polyps can develop due to several factors, including:
- Genetic factors
- Chronic inflammation (like inflammatory bowel disease)
- High-fat, low-fiber diet.
- Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption.
- Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
How Polyps and Hemorrhoids Are Diagnosed
Doctors diagnose hemorrhoids with a physical exam. For internal hemorrhoids, they may use a gloved finger (digital rectal exam) or a small tube with a light (anoscopy) to check inside the rectum.
Polyps require more advanced tests. A colonoscopy is a procedure that employs a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the colon. A biopsy is a procedure that involves obtaining a small tissue sample to detect malignancy. Other procedures, such as a CT scan or a barium enema, can assist in discovering polyps.
How to Treat Polyps and Hemorrhoids
Treating hemorrhoids depends on severity:
- Eating more fiber, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding prolonged sitting can help manage hemorrhoids.
- Over-the-counter creams can provide relief from itching and pain.
- Minimally invasive procedures like rubber band ligation or sclerotherapy may be necessary for persistent cases.
- In severe cases, surgery (hemorrhoidectomy) may be required.
Polyps must be removed to prevent cancer:
- Small polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy through a procedure called polypectomy
- Larger or hard-to-remove polyps may require surgery.
- Regular check-ups are important for those with a history of polyps to monitor for recurrence.
Ways to Lower Your Risk of Polyps and Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids
- Eat a high-fiber diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables.
- Stay hydrated to keep stools soft.
- Avoid straining during bowel movements.
- Exercise regularly to improve circulation.
Polyps
- Follow a diet rich in fiber and low in red meat.
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.
- Stay physically active.
- Get regular screenings if you have risk factors for colorectal cancer.
You Shouldn’t Be Confusing Hemorrhoids with Polyps
Knowing the difference between hemorrhoids and polyps is critical to your health. While hemorrhoids are common and rarely hazardous, polyps can lead to cancer if left untreated. If you experience rectal bleeding or other symptoms, don’t assume it’s just hemorrhoids—get checked by a doctor to rule out more serious conditions. Taking care of your diet, lifestyle, and regular screenings can help prevent complications and protect your well-being.