Hernias are a widespread medical problem affecting millions of people throughout the world. Many hernias are not immediately life-threatening, but some can cause serious consequences. You can die from a hernia, but only in severe cases where complications like strangulation or obstruction occur.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that emergency surgery for incarcerated or strangulated hernias carries a significantly higher mortality rate compared to elective hernia repairs.
Understanding the types of hernias, their risks, and warning signs can help prevent life-threatening situations.
What Is a Hernia?
A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in muscle or connective tissue. Hernias can form anywhere on the body, although they are most frequent in the abdomen and groin.
Here are the common types of hernia:
- Inguinal hernia occurs in the groin and is more common in men.
- Femoral hernia appears in the upper thigh near the groin and often affects women.
- Umbilical hernia develops around the belly button and is commonly seen in infants and overweight adults.
- Hiatal hernia happens when part of the stomach moves up through the diaphragm into the chest.
- Incisional hernia forms at the site of a previous surgical incision.
- Epigastric hernia occurs in the upper abdominal area between the breastbone and the navel.
Most hernias are not dangerous, but some can become life-threatening if left untreated.
Can You Die From a Hernia?
While most hernias are manageable with lifestyle changes or surgery, complications can make a hernia dangerous. The two most serious complications are strangulation and obstruction.
1. Strangulated Hernia – A Medical Emergency
A strangulated hernia occurs when part of the intestine or tissue gets trapped and its blood supply is cut off. This can lead to tissue death (necrosis) and a severe infection known as sepsis, which can be fatal if not treated promptly.
Signs of a Strangulated Hernia
- Severe and chronic pain at the hernia site
- Redness or purple discoloration over the hernia
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever and chillsRapid heart rate
Inability to pass gas or stool
2. Incarcerated Hernia Leading to Bowel Obstruction
An incarcerated hernia happens when tissue becomes trapped and cannot return to its normal position. If the intestine is blocked, it can cause a bowel obstruction, leading to severe complications, including death if left untreated.
Symptoms of a Bowel Obstruction Due to a Hernia
- Abdominal discomfort and bloating
- Nausea, vomiting
- Constipation is the inability to pass stool
- Decreased appetite
Both disorders necessitate rapid medical intervention to avoid potentially fatal effects.
What Happens If You Don’t Treat a Hernia?
If left untreated, a hernia might become worse, increasing the risk of complications. The pressure from an untreated hernia may cause it to grow larger and more painful over time.
If you don’t get a hernia fixed, it can lead to:
- Increased Pain – The hernia can become more painful and limit daily activities.
- Bowel Obstruction – A developing hernia can block the intestines, resulting in serious digestive problems.
- Strangulation – The most dangerous outcome, where tissue loses blood supply and begins to die, requiring emergency surgery.
In some cases, an untreated hernia may remain stable for years, but there is always a risk of sudden complications that require urgent medical care.
Who Is at Higher Risk for Hernia Complications?
Certain factors increase the likelihood of a hernia becoming dangerous:
- Lifting heavy objects improperly – Can worsen an existing hernia.
- Chronic coughing or straining – Conditions like COPD or constipation put extra pressure on abdominal muscles.
- Obesity – Excess weight puts extra strain on the muscles.
- Previous surgeries – Surgical incisions can damage muscle walls.
- Pregnancy – Increased abdominal pressure can cause or worsen hernias.
When to Seek Medical Help
If you have a hernia, it is important to monitor symptoms and seek medical attention if any warning signs appear. See a doctor immediately if you experience:
- Sudden, intense pain in the hernia area
- Changes in the color of the hernia (red, purple, or dark)
- Vomiting or an inability to eat
- Swelling that becomes hard or tender
- Fever or rapid heart rate
Treatment Options To Prevent a Fatal Hernia
Proper treatment is essential to prevent a hernia from becoming life-threatening. There are several methods available depending on the severity and type of hernia.
1. Watchful Waiting
For mild, painless hernias, doctors may advise monitoring the disease and adopting lifestyle adjustments to prevent it from worsening.
2. Hernia Truss or Belt
A supportive belt can help manage symptoms but is not a permanent fix.
3. Surgery: The Only Permanent Solution
If a hernia is at risk of complications, surgery is the best treatment.
- Open surgery involves making an incision to fix the hernia and strengthening it with mesh.
- Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive method that requires fewer incisions and recovers more quickly.
If a hernia creates a bowel obstruction or strangulation, emergency surgery is required.
Preventing a Hernia from Becoming Dangerous
While not all hernias can be prevented, you can lower the risk of complications by:
- Maintaining a healthy weight helps to alleviate abdominal pressure.
- Avoid hard lifting or use suitable lifting techniques.
- A fiber-rich diet can help reduce constipation and straining.
- Quitting smoking can promote tissue health.
- Strengthening core muscles with mild training to support the abdominal wall.
Hernia Can Be Fatal If Left Untreated
A hernia may not seem urgent at first, but it can become life-threatening if complications arise. Recognizing warning signals and obtaining treatment in a timely manner can help avert disastrous results. If you have a hernia, visit a doctor to discover the best way to manage your problem.