Railroad ties have been a popular choice for landscaping and gardening for many years because they are durable, cheap, and easy to find. Originally made to support train tracks, these wooden beams started being used in gardens and yards as railroads expanded in the 19th and early 20th centuries. People quickly realized that old railroad ties were perfect for various garden projects like raised beds, retaining walls, and pathways.
Their rugged look and low cost made them popular not just in industrial settings but also in residential areas. Homeowners found them useful and attractive, adding a rustic charm to their outdoor spaces.
What Are Railroad Ties?
Railroad ties, also known as sleepers, are rectangular wooden beams traditionally used to support and stabilize railroad tracks. They keep the tracks aligned and ensure smooth and safe train operations. Over time, old railroad ties started being reused for landscaping and gardening due to their sturdy construction.
What Makes Them Toxic and Harmful?
Railroad ties are toxic, mainly because of the creosote used to treat them. Creosote is a dark, oily substance made from coal tar. It contains over 300 different chemicals, many of which are toxic and can cause cancer. The main harmful components of creosote are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and cresols.
Why and How Are Railroad Ties Treated?
Railroad ties are treated with creosote to protect the wood from decay caused by moisture, insects, and fungi. This treatment process involves soaking or pressure-treating the wood in a creosote solution so the chemicals penetrate deeply into the wood fibers. This makes the ties last longer and withstand harsh outdoor conditions.
Duration of Toxicity
Creosote-treated railroad ties remain toxic for many years. Studies show that creosote stays active and harmful in the wood long after it has been installed. This means even old railroad ties can still leach harmful chemicals into the soil, posing health risks to people, pets, and plants.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) warns that exposure to creosote can lead to skin irritation, respiratory problems, and an increased risk of cancer. This highlights the need for caution when handling or using these materials.
Are Railroad Ties Safe for Landscaping?
Railroad ties are not safe for landscaping, especially in residential areas. The main issue is the toxic creosote used to treat the wood. Creosote contains harmful chemicals that can seep into the soil and pose health risks to humans, pets, and plants.
Using railroad ties in gardens is especially dangerous where edible plants are grown because the chemicals can be absorbed by the plants. Play areas for children are also risky since kids might touch the treated wood.
Given these dangers, it’s important to look for safer, eco-friendly alternatives for your landscaping projects.
Alternatives to Railroad Ties
- Stone Blocks or Pavers: These are durable and look nice for retaining walls, garden beds, and pathways. Stone is naturally resistant to weather and pests, making it a long-lasting choice.
- Recycled Plastic Lumber: Made from recycled materials, this option looks like wood but doesn’t have harmful chemicals. It’s durable, rot-resistant, and eco-friendly.
- Concrete Sleepers: Similar in shape to railroad ties but made of concrete. They are strong, long-lasting, and don’t leach harmful chemicals into the soil.
- Untreated or Naturally Resistant Wood: Woods like cedar, redwood, and cypress resist decay and insects naturally. Using untreated versions of these woods is safer than using creosote-treated ties.
- Composite Lumber: A mix of wood fibers and plastic. It’s resistant to rot, insects, and it doesn’t contain toxic chemicals.
- Metal Edging: Steel or aluminum can be used to edge garden beds and paths. They are durable, weather-resistant, and add a modern look to landscapes.
By choosing these alternatives, you can create beautiful and safe outdoor spaces without the health and environmental risks associated with creosote-treated railroad ties.
What to Do If You Have Railroad Ties in Your Garden
If you already have railroad ties in your garden, handle them carefully. Here are some simple steps:
- Avoid Direct Contact: Don’t touch the railroad ties with bare hands. Use gloves if you need to move or handle them.
- Limit Exposure: Keep children and pets away from areas where railroad ties are placed.
- Monitor Plant Health: Watch the health of plants near the ties, especially if you’re growing food. Avoid planting edible crops in soil that has touched the ties.
- Consider Removal: If possible, think about removing the railroad ties. You might need professional help for safe disposal.
Safe Disposal
It’s important to dispose of creosote-treated wood properly. Contact your local waste management facility to find out how to do this safely. Some places have specific rules or services for hazardous waste.
Why You Should Avoid Railroad Ties
Railroad ties might seem like a good and rustic choice for your garden, but they are actually quite dangerous. The creosote used to treat them contains harmful chemicals that can cause serious health problems for you, your family, pets, and plants. Because of these dangers, it’s smart to look for safer, eco-friendly options.
Being careful with railroad ties is important not just for your own safety, but also for the health of your plants and animals in the area. Creosote can leak toxic chemicals into the soil, which can harm water quality and local wildlife. By taking steps to avoid these risks, you help create a healthier and safer environment for everyone.
In short, while railroad ties have been commonly used for landscaping, their dangers outweigh their benefits. Choosing safer alternatives can protect your health and the environment, making sure your garden stays a beautiful and safe place for all.