Atrial fibrillation (AFib) happens when the top chambers of the heart, known as the atria, beat irregularly, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively. This irregular heartbeat can lead to various symptoms, including palpitations, where the heart feels racing or fluttering, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness, and chest discomfort. Several things can cause AFib, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, or excessive alcohol use. But can atrial fibrillation be caused by anxiety?
Can Atrial Fibrillation Be Caused by Anxiety?
A review research on the relationship between AFib and mental health disorders (such as anxiety, rage, depression, and work stress) revealed no obvious correlation between the two. However, a 2019 study found that anxiety could be a risk factor or trigger for AFib.
Anxiety and High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a known cause of AFib, as it can damage the heart over time. Anxiety does not directly cause chronic hypertension, but it can induce a momentary rise in blood pressure. A 2019 review discovered that anxiety and high blood pressure frequently coexist; however, this does not imply that anxiety causes hypertension. There may be a link between the two.
Chronic Stress and Cardiovascular Risk
Chronic stress increases the chance of having high blood pressure. A study published by the American Heart Association measured stress levels in 412 people over 13 years and found that long-term high stress could lead to heart problems, such as heart attacks. Because stress and anxiety can contribute to high blood pressure, they may also play a role in developing AFib.
Anxiety in People with AFib
Anxiety is common among people with AFib. A study on mental health issues in older adults with AFib discovered that depression and anxiety were common among these people. Those with both AFib and mental health difficulties were more likely to indicate that their symptoms had worsened.
Mechanisms Linking Anxiety and AFib
There are several ways anxiety might contribute to AFib:
Sympathetic Nervous System Activation
Anxiety activates the body’s “fight-or-flight” response, releasing stress hormones. These hormones can damage the heart and raise the risk of arrhythmias such as AFib.
Inflammation
Anxiety is also connected to increased inflammation in the body, which can lead to heart disorders like AFib. Chronic inflammation might damage heart tissue, making it easier for arrhythmias to develop.
Electrophysiological Changes
Long-term stress and anxiety can alter how the heart’s electrical system works, increasing the chance of abnormal heart rhythms like AFib.
Dealing with AFib Anxiety
For people with AFib, managing anxiety is crucial, not just for mental health but also for better heart health. Here are some strategies to help manage AFib-related anxiety:
Education and Awareness
Understanding AFib—its causes, symptoms, and treatment options—can reduce the fear associated with it. The more people understand their condition, the better prepared they are to manage their health.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is effective for treating anxiety. It helps people identify negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies, which can ease anxiety related to AFib.
Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques
Mindfulness meditation, yoga, and deep breathing techniques can help relieve stress and anxiety. These strategies encourage relaxation and may benefit heart health.
Medication Management
In rare circumstances, medication may be required to alleviate anxiety symptoms. It is critical to consult with a healthcare expert about appropriate treatment options.
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Anxiety and Atrial Fibrillation
It’s crucial to recognize that the connection between anxiety and AFib goes both ways:
Anxiety Induced by AFib
Individuals may experience anxiety after receiving an AFib diagnosis because they are concerned about symptoms or complications, such as a stroke.
AFib Leading to Increased Anxiety
For those with existing anxiety disorders, having an AFib episode can heighten anxiety symptoms, creating a cycle that worsens both conditions.
Managing Anxiety to Improve AFib Control
While anxiety may not directly cause atrial fibrillation (AFib), it can trigger episodes or make existing heart problems worse. Anxiety and AFib can create a cycle where each condition makes the other worse. This shows how important it is to manage anxiety alongside AFib. By reducing stress, staying informed, and taking care of mental health, people can help lower the chances of AFib episodes and improve their overall well-being.